Why your knees hurt: the reasons for what to do

Knee pain is a widespread symptom, signaling of discomfort in the body - the appearance of joint disease or merely the increased load of the feet.

It is difficult to find a person who has never experienced knees pain in a particular period of life.The discomfort, clicks or pains of different knee joints occur in both adults and children for many reasons.The higher a person becomes, the greater the likelihood of various diseases, the first sign of which is knee pain.This is due to the body age characteristics: slowing metabolic processes, cartilage tissue wear, it unites other problems with the musculoskeletal system, blood vessels, nerves.

Due to the complex anatomical structure, many structures and significant loads that experience and often overload, the knee joints are very vulnerable.Damage to any element of the structure, for example, a articular bag, leads to a violation of knee kinetic function and, consequently, pain syndrome.Links and menisci are considered the most vulnerable, injured in 80-85% of cases.

The anatomical structure of the knee

The knee consists of a knee joint, a remote end of the femoral bone with two tumors and jackets, a tubular tubular bone, muscles, nerves, boats, ligaments, a patellar (knee cup).

The knee joint is one of the large joints of the body.The femoral bone approaches him above.The articular surfaces of the lateral (external) and medium (inner) tubers are articulated with the patella and tibia.Meniski, which is cartilage cartilage, serve as joint shock absorbers.Thanks to them, there is a rational distribution of human weight on a tiger plateau and increases the stability of the joints.Slim, double heads, half -backs and other muscles synchronize the capsule structures, ensuring the kinetic activity of the knee joint.

Knee elements are interconnected by many links.Inside the joint there are two intersections - the rear and the front.Hobby bones are associated with the bones of fibers and tibia with side joints.The slope of the whitening of the Lefkontos lies in the back of the knee joint.The main - articular capsule, which does not communicate with the joint, is distinguished by a series of articular cavities.The supply of blood to the knee elements is performed by a noble network of blood vessels and the nerve is performed by nerve fibers.

Causes of knee pain

There are many causes of knee joint pain, which can be divided into different groups.

Traumatic lesions of knee elements:

1. Bitter.As a result of the gap of blood vessels, local bleeding occurs in the soft tissue of the joint.Redness, swelling, damage to nerve endings lead to pain, difficulty in movement.
2. Complete or partial connection rupture.Most often, a partial violation of the integrity of the inner side ligament was diagnosed, resulting from excessive twisting of the lower leg.

The external link breaks less frequently from the interior.This is due to a strong divergence of the lower leg inward when the foot is turned for example.The rupture of the cross -links is inevitably accompanied by Aimartria.

A complete rupture of both joints is often combined with damage to the joint bag, tearing the inner meniscus.Such an injury leads to excessive motility of the knee joint, accompanied by severe pain, the intensity of which depends on the degree of the gap.

1. Bleeding knee joint - pouring blood into the hinge cavity.There is traumatic and non -human nature.Traumatic bleeding is observed by rupture of the meniscus, complete or incomplete ligament rupture, intra -articular fractures, bruises of the knee area.Non -human choice is one of the symptoms of diseases characterized by an increased brief description of the blood vessels walls or a violation of the blood clotting system.These include haemophilia, scorpions, severe forms of haemorrhagic will.The blood that has accumulated in the joint cavity compresses the tissue, disrupting blood circulation in them.A special pigment - hemosidine - negatively affects the joints, the glass cartilage, a articular bag that leads to the loss of their elasticity.The result of common bource damage is the swelling of its screws and the increased production of the common fluid.The result of recurring bleeding is dystrophy and joint destruction.
2. Knee maneuver - Violation of the integrity of the meniscus of the knee joint.In the lateral form, the outer meniscus is damaged by the medium - interior.This is one of the most common but difficult to diagnose the damage to the knee joint.In the danger zone of the disease they are not only athletes involved in intensive education but also ordinary people.Meniscus rupture can come from a sharp unusual movement when the body turns, turning the leg, a strong knee blow.
3. Dislocation of the knee cup - Pathological displacement of the patella.The trauma is diagnosed in no more than 0.7% of cases of the total number of divisions.Most often there is external dislocation, less often - internal, very rare - vertical or turning.With an incomplete dislocation, the knee cup is determined above the lateral (external) budget, with complete - from the outside of the side.
4. Closed or open fractures of the knee joint, the upper part of the bones of the lower leg or lower spine. These injuries are often combined with damage to the soft knee tissues, causing mass bleeding, excessive mobility in the knee area, its deformation.

Inflammatory and degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the articular elements of the knee:

1. Arthritis - Inflammatory damage to the knee joint.A similar mechanism for the development of pathology is observed with osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout (with the deposition of tail in the joints).
2. Osteoard (fertile) With the defeat of the knee joint of a non -inflammatory nature, affecting all its structures and leading to serious degenerative changes.
3. Cucumber With the inflammation of the articular, Bursa leads to pain during bending and extending the knee movements.
4. Periaarthritis tendons of knee joint - Inflammation of the legged goose capsule, knee tendon, as well as the muscles and joints surrounding the joint.In this case, the pain occurs mainly during the descent on the stairs, especially with heavy load, and focuses on the inner surface of the knee.
5. Chondropathy of the patella -Restriction-non-chic changes in the cartilage of the synovial (rear) surface of the patella.The degree of destruction may be different: from light molluscs to cracks and complete friction.

6. Chondromato - A serious chronic disease due to the dysplastic process with the degeneration of the islands of the articular membrane parts in the cartilage - cartilage.The osteoporization of the individual daunts is not excluded.
7. The baker's bladder - The formation of a dense formation of a rubber round volume in an oblique bomb located on the opposite side of the patella.The bladder is clearly visible in the exposed state of the knee.It causes discomfort, periphery pain.With significant sizes, it presses blood vessels and nerves, leading to weakened nenaurization and blood circulation.
8. Disease - A disease, accompanied by damage and further degeneration of adipose tissue around the knee joint.Bites, edema and other lesions in adipose cells - adipocytes - Finally replacing them with dense fibrous tissue.As a result, the buffer function of the "fat pillow" is disturbed, the adipose tissue itself is not capable of playing the role of the absorber.
9. Osgud -Sweerter disease - A pathology characterized by murders of the bugrous part of the tibia.Diagnostic in teenagers from 10 to 18 years of age playing sports.A painful blow occurs under the patella, in the absence of treatment, leading to limiting foot or complete immobilization, as well as muscle scholarships.

Diseases in which the knee pain is possible to radiate:

1. Hip joint - Chronic hip joint damage, accompanied by progressive degeneration and dystrophic changes in it.Often the pain spreads beneath the outer surface of the thigh on the knee or below.
2. Sedular Nerve's neuropathy - Non -inflammatory damage to the nerve as a result of compression compression or blood vessel spasm.This nerve reaches the feet, starting from the bottom of the back and passing through the sky and the pelvis.Blocking anywhere for its length leads to impaired sensitivity or pulsating pain.
3. Fibromyalgia - Eliminate the defeat of soft tissues of non -inflammatory nature with a combination of symptoms in the form of arthralgia, muscle weakness, depression, etc.

Some systemic diseases that lead to knee pain:

1. Osteoporosis - Bone system disease of a progressive course, changing the synthesis of minerals and bone density.The "rinsing" of calcium by the bones leads to their fragility.The procedure is accompanied by tobacco or pain pain in the extremities.
2. Bone tuberculosis.Tuberculosis damage to the bone position leads to constant severe pain.
3. Osteomyelitis -With a disease of infectious and inflammatory nature, which affects all bone structural elements.The result of both experts, for example, tuberculosis, and non -specific, most commonly coconut, osteomyelitis is skin hyperemia, edema, local acute bone pain and muscles, febrile temperature.
4. Some infectious diseases.In addition to the involvement of the urogenital mucosa and the mucosal of the eye, the Reiter syndrome, the joints are affected.One of the manifestations of Lyme's disease is arthralgia.

Types of knee pain

Depending on the etiology, the nature and intensity of the pain may be different.

• Painful.With arthritis, osteoaria.
• Acute, strong.With fractures of the knee elements, ligament rupture, acute buckthrough, knee bruising, worse menisky, deformed osteoarthria.
• Throbbing.With a starting start of arthritis, meniscus injury.
• Drilling.With osteomyelitis.
• Dumb.With burit, chronic osteochondritis.
• Combustion.With the compression of the sciatic nerve, the tuberculosis process in the bone.
• Shot. When nerve trunk sting.
• Pain when walking.With bakery bladder, buckthrough, arthritis, gonorrhea, periaarthride.
• The pain alone. With gout, arthritis.

Diagnosis of Pathologies that cause knee pain

Physical examination:

• gathering by gathering withdrawal and complaints;
• Optical inspection with knee palpation.

Laboratory research:

• Biochemical and clinical tests.
• serological blood test;
• Immune blood test.
• Rheumatological tests.
• Bacteriological analysis of synovial fluid.

Decorative methods:

• Arthroscopy.
• perforation of the joint bag.
• Bone biopsy.

Non -invasive organic diagnosis:

• Radiography of the knee joint.
• Densitometry;
• Ultrasound study;
• MRI or CT.

Knee pain treatment

If the pain in one or both knees of the non -human nature of the incident, then you should first turn to the therapist, who, based on the patient's complaints and the results of an objective examination, will direct to a narrow specialist - an orthopedist, a rheumatologist, a rheumatologist.In the event of an injury, you should contact a surgeon or orthopedic trauma.

The treatment in each case is different, depends on the cause of the pain, that is, the type of injury or disease.Each disease has its own therapeutic regimen.But first, the patient must adhere to several general rules:

• It significantly reduces hiking duration and feet stay during the day.
• Athletes temporarily (before recovery) abandon training and ordinary people from running or jumping.
• When increasing the pain, abandon the movements completely, apply a fastening bandage from a rubber bandage to the knee.
• Wear a bandage or bandage to immobilize the knee joint.
• With bruises, cold in place of traumatic results.

Rheumatoids, psoriatic arthritis, systemic autoimmune diseases need serious integrated treatment, performed for many months.Basic treatment consists of immunosuppressive, non -exotic anti -inflammatory and hormonal drugs, gold preparations, etc.

In the treatment of folliculitis, painkillers and anti -inflammatory drugs are used.If an infection is detected, then a course of antibiotics.The therapeutic perforation of the bag is performed to remove excessive liquid from the articular cavity and/or the introduction of one of their corticosteroids.The function helps get rid of chronic inflammation of the brush - the surgical resection of the articular bag.

With deforming osteoarthritia, intra -mararmatic injections of glucocorticosteroids, prolonged NSAID intake and chondroprotation are effective.To relieve pain syndrome, it squeezes with dimexide or discofitso, ointments and gels with anti -inflammatory results are prescribed locally.Massage, physiotherapy, therapeutic exercise helps.Serious knee joint damage requires surgical intervention - hinge with the joint.

The treatment of osteoporosis consists of taking bisphosphonates, calcitonins, calcium preparations, vitamin D, etc.

The treatment of meniscus rupture can be conservative or surgical.Conservative treatment consists of analgesics, NSAIDs, hyaluronic acid, chondroprotective.But first, the common reposition is performed.

Types of surgery intervention:

• Meiccctomy?
• Partial (incomplete) metric.
• Meniscus transplantation.
• Arthroscopy.
• Arthroscopic seam of meniscus rupture.

With any knee injury after treatment, the rehabilitation period, which should be carried out under the control of a rehabilitation or orthopedic, is very important.The doctor will draw up an optimal audience recovery program.The main methods of postoperative rehabilitation are massage and therapeutic exercise.Classes in special simulators are also effective, gradually developing a knee joint.